What is Operations Research?

Operations Research (OR) is a branch of applied mathematics that uses analytical methods to help make better decisions. It involves modeling complex systems, optimizing processes, and finding efficient solutions to real-world problems in business, industry, and government.

Key Concepts:

Linear Programming: A method for optimizing a linear objective function subject to linear constraints.

Integer Programming: Optimization where some or all variables must take integer values.

Queuing Theory: Studies waiting lines to optimize service efficiency.

Game Theory: Analyzes competitive situations where the outcome depends on the actions of multiple decision-makers.

Network Models: Used for routing, transportation, and logistics optimization.

Simulation: Models real-world systems to study their behavior under different conditions.

Inventory Control: Optimizing stock levels to balance cost and service quality.

Decision Analysis: Evaluates choices under uncertainty to aid in rational decision-making.

Applications:

Business Management: Improves resource allocation, scheduling, and logistics.

Transportation: Optimizes routing, fleet management, and traffic control.

Manufacturing: Enhances production planning and supply chain efficiency.

Healthcare: Streamlines hospital operations, staff scheduling, and patient flow.

Defense & Security: Used in military planning and emergency response.

Finance: Supports investment strategies and risk management.

Operations Research helps organizations make data-driven, cost-effective, and optimal decisions across a wide range of fields.